The Visual Guide to
Bovine Reproduction
- Bulls
- Testis and Epididymis
- Accessory Sex Glands
- Scrotum
- Penis
- Prepuce
- Semen
- Breeding Soundness Evaluation
- Breeding Capacity
- Vasectomy
Male Reproductive System: Scrotum
Scrotal Circumference.
Testicular size can be assessed by the measurement of scrotal circumference. Size is directly related to the volume of sperm production, and, interestingly, to the onset of puberty in the offspring; male as well as female.
Drost M (1980)
Asymmetrical Scrotum.
Asymmetry of the scrotum due to a smaller right testicle with normal tone.
Ott R (2013)
Asymmetrical Testes.
Scrotal circumference 34 cm. Length of the left testis 24 cm; length of the right testis 26 cm. Normal tone in both testes.
Ott R (2013)
Different Size Testes.
Longitudinal cross section. Scrotal circumference 37 cm. Length of the left testis 25 cm; length of the right testis 29 cm. Normal tone in both testes.
Ott R (2013)
Different Size Testes.
Scrotal circumference 37 cm. Length of the left testis 25 cm; length of the right testis 29 cm. Normal tone in both testes.
Ott R (2013)
Unilateral Scrotal Enlargement.
The left testis is enlarged due to a hydrocele.
Larsen RE (1998)
Excessive Scrotal Fat.
Excessive scrotal fat interferes with the thermoregulation of the testes. It will adversely affect sperm quality. [15 cm square tile].
Roberts SJ (1973)
Scrotal Insulation.
Experimental heating of the testis by wrapping roll cotton around the scrotum and taping it in place. Three days of scrotal insulation produced severe morphological abnormalities of the spermatozoa in ejaculates collected 2 to 4 weeks later.
Larsen RE (2000)
Scrotal Hernia 1.
Unilateral scrotal hernia in a Santa Gertrudis bull. Surgically corrected. Eight feet of intestines had herniated through the inguinal ring.
Larsen RE (1980)
Scrotal Hernia 2.
Left scrotal hernia. The right testis was normal but may have been affected by increased temperature.
Larsen RE (1980)
Scrotal Hernia 3 - Rear View.
Unilateral scrotal hernia in a Santa Gertrudis bull. Surgically corrected. Eight feet of intestines had herniated through the inguinal ring.
Larsen RE (1980)
Scrotal Hernia 4 - Close up.
Left scrotal hernia. The right testis was normal but may have been affected by increased body temperature.
Larsen RE (1980)
Inguinal Hernia.
Inguinal hernia in a 4-year old Hereford bull. Inguinal hernias are most common on the left side.
Shipley C (2006)
Inguinal Hernia.
Inguinal hernia in a 4-year old Hereford bull. Inguinal hernias are most common on the left side. The contents can generally be reduced.
Shipley C (2006)
Supernumerary Teats.
Small supernumerary teat at the anterior side of the top of the scrotum.
Shipley C (2006)
Supernumerary Teat - Close Up.
A small supernumerary teat at the base of the scrotum that is ventral to the two normal teats on the left side.
Shipley C (2006)
Inguinal Hernia.
Inguinal hernias are most common on the left side. Gross distension is readily visible. The contents are generally replaceable and not firm unless incarcerated.
Roberts SJ (1973)
Scrotal Dermatitis.
Non-specific scrotal dermatitis in an 18-month old Ayrshire bull kept under filthy conditions. The thickened scrotal wall interfered with thermoregulation.
Roberts SJ (1973)
Chorioptic Mange.
Chorioptic mange leading to generalized scrotal dermatitis interfered with thermoregulation and fertility. It took 2 to 3 months for sperm quality to recover.
Roberts SJ (1964)
Scrotal and Perineal Dermatitis.
Dermatitis of unknown origin involving the scrotum and the posterio-medial aspects of the thighs.
Drost M (1980)
Severe Testicular Degeneration.
Severe bilateral testicular degeneration. Soft testes. Small scrotal circumference. Unknown etiology.
Roberts SJ (1973)
Testicular Degeneration.
Small, soft, asymmetrical testes. Long pendulous scrotum. The bulge at the base of the scrotum represents the distal sigmoid flexure the penis.
Roberts SJ (1973)
Lactating Teats.
Large lactating teats in a 4 year old Guernsey bull.
Roberts SJ (1973)