The Visual Guide to
Equine Reproduction
Abortion: Noninfectious Causes
![Torsion of the Umbilical Cord.](images/eq00188.jpg)
Torsion of the Umbilical Cord.
Severe torsion of the umbilical cord in an Arabian mare leading to abortion at 132 days of gestation.
Roberts SJ (1972)
![Torsion of the Umbilical Cord.](images/eq00204.jpg)
Torsion of the Umbilical Cord.
Severe torsion of the umbilical cord and occlusion of the blood supply lead to death of the fetus and subsequent abortion [size of the square tile 15 cm].
Drost M (1971)