The Visual Guide to
Caprine Reproduction
Male Reproductive System: Semen
Morphological Examination.
A stained smear of the semen is examined for morphological defects at 1000X magnification, with an oil immersion lens. One-hundred individual spermatozoa are classified according to defects of the head, midpiece or tail.
Smith MC (2006)
Epididymal Spermatozoa.
Normal spermatozoa collected from the tail of the epididymis.
Smith MC (2006)