The Visual Guide to
Porcine Reproduction
Male Reproductive System: Castration
![Inhalation Anesthesia.](images/po00115.jpg)
Inhalation Anesthesia.
After administration of a pre-anesthetic, the boar is placed in dorsal recumbency on the surgery table.
Prado TM (2007)
![Positioning on the Table.](images/po00131.jpg)
Positioning on the Table.
The anesthetized boar is placed in dorsal recumbency.
Prado TM (2007)
![Clipping the Surgical Site.](images/po00134.jpg)
Clipping the Surgical Site.
Preoperative preparation of the surgical site.
Prado TM (2007)
![Surgical Site Preparation.](images/po00099.jpg)
Surgical Site Preparation.
Preoperative preparation of the surgical site.
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![Surgical Site Preparation.](images/po00133.jpg)
Surgical Site Preparation.
Scrubbing and disinfection of the surgical site.
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![Wiping the Site With Alcohol.](images/po00103.jpg)
Wiping the Site With Alcohol.
Disinfection of the scrubbed area with 70% alcohol.
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![Pushing up the Testicles.](images/po00102.jpg)
Pushing up the Testicles.
The testicles are pushed up under the skin.
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![First Incision.](images/po00116.jpg)
First Incision.
Separate incisions are made over each of the testicles.
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![Incision over the Testicle.](images/po00117.jpg)
Incision over the Testicle.
The initial incision is made directly over the testicle, but not into the tunic.
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![Both Initial Incisions.](images/po00118.jpg)
Both Initial Incisions.
Both initial skin incisions have been made directly over each testicle.
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![Exteriorizing the First Testicle.](images/po00120.jpg)
Exteriorizing the First Testicle.
The first testicle is pushed from underneath and freed by blunt dissection.
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![Exteriorizing the Second Testicle.](images/po00121.jpg)
Exteriorizing the Second Testicle.
The second testicle is stripped clean next.
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![Exposing the Testicles.](images/po00104.jpg)
Exposing the Testicles.
The entire testicles and most of their respective spermatic cords have been exteriorized.
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![Ligating the Spermatic Cord.](images/po00105.jpg)
Ligating the Spermatic Cord.
Each cord is clamped / crushed and then ligated in mature boars.
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![Both Spermatic Cords Clamped.](images/po00107.jpg)
Both Spermatic Cords Clamped.
Both cords have been clamped and the spermatic arteries have been blocked.
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![Spermatic Cord Ligated.](images/po00112.jpg)
Spermatic Cord Ligated.
The right spermatic cord has been ligated, and the testicle is now ready for removal.
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![Severing Spermatic Cord.](images/po00108.jpg)
Severing Spermatic Cord.
The spermatic cord is severed distal to the ligature.
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![Incisions after Gonadectomy.](images/po00109.jpg)
Incisions after Gonadectomy.
There is minimal bleeding after removal of the testicles.
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![Incisions after Castration.](images/po00113.jpg)
Incisions after Castration.
Minimal bleeding after removal of the testes.
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![Antibiotic Applied to Incisions.](images/po00110.jpg)
Antibiotic Applied to Incisions.
Topical application of a broad spectrum antibiotic powder to the open incisions.
Prado TM (2007)
![Transportation Cage.](images/po00130.jpg)
Transportation Cage.
Nice clean transportation cage after the surgery.
Prado TM (2007)