The Visual Guide to
Bubaline Reproduction
Reproductive Technology: Ultrasonography
![Dominant Follicle and CL.](images/wb00521.jpg)
Dominant Follicle and CL.
Left ovary: dominant follicle and a co-dominant follicle which will undergo atresia. Right ovary: corpus luteum and a small follicle. About day 15 of the estrous cycle at the time of follicular deviation when the dominant follicle is selected (diameter 7.2 to 7.5 mm).
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Anovulatory Follicle.](images/wb00494.jpg)
Anovulatory Follicle.
Single cyst like structure, reminiscent of an hemorrhagic corpus luteum commonly seen in mares but not in cows. Some of these anovulatory structures resolve spontaneously after a couple of cycles, others are treated with an ovsynch protocol with positive results.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![28-day Pregnancy.](images/wb00492.jpg)
28-day Pregnancy.
Cross section of the pregnant horn distended by embryonic fluids. The large dark area below is the bladder.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![32-day Pregnancy.](images/wb00493.jpg)
32-day Pregnancy.
The early embryo can be identified surrounded by fluids.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Embryonic Death at 35 Days.](images/wb00522.jpg)
Embryonic Death at 35 Days.
The 35-day embryo is disintegrating. Some flocculent material is present in the uterine fluid.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Embryonic Death at 38 Days.](images/wb00523.jpg)
Embryonic Death at 38 Days.
Flocculation at 38 days of gestation embryonic death. No evidence of an intact embryo.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Flushing Medium in the Lumen.](images/wb00543.jpg)
Flushing Medium in the Lumen.
Bilateral presence of flushing medium in the horns of a donor cow.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Superovulated Ovaries.](images/wb00544.jpg)
Superovulated Ovaries.
Follicular response to gonadotrophin treatment in a donor cow. There are seven follicles and there is no corpus luteum.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Ultrasound Unit.](images/wb00546.jpg)
Ultrasound Unit.
Ultrasound unit showing superovulated ovaries on the screen.
Zambrano-Varon J (2012)
![Fetus and fetal membranes.](images/Khan7.jpg)
Fetus and fetal membranes.
This is an ultrasound image of the uterus in a Murrah buffalo at about 4 to 4.5 months of gestation. The fetus (red arrow), amnion (green arrow), amniotic fluid (yellow asterisk) and allantoic fluid (white asterisk) can be seen in the image.
Khan FA (2019)
![Placentomes.](images/Khan8.jpg)
Placentomes.
This is an ultrasound image of the uterus in a Murrah buffalo at about 4 to 4.5 months of gestation. Placentomes (red arrows) and allantoic fluid (white asterisk) can be seen in the image.
Khan FA (2019)
![Non-pregnant uterus.](images/Khan9.jpg)
Non-pregnant uterus.
This is a longitudinal view ultrasound image of the uterus (red arrows) in a non-pregnant Murrah buffalo.
Khan FA (2019)
![Ovary with small follicles.](images/Khan10.jpg)
Ovary with small follicles.
This is an ultrasound image of the right ovary (periphery marked with red arrows) containing multiple small follicles (small anechoic areas within the ovary) in a non-pregnant Murrah buffalo.
Khan FA (2019)
![Ovary with a large follicle and a corpus luteum.](images/Khan11.jpg)
Ovary with a large follicle and a corpus luteum.
This is an ultrasound image of the left ovary containing a large follicle (red arrow) and a corpus luteum (white arrow) in a non-pregnant Murrah buffalo. The bladder can be seen on the right side of the image (white asterisk).
Khan FA (2019)
![Ovary with a pre-ovulatory follicle.](images/Khan12.jpg)
Ovary with a pre-ovulatory follicle.
This is an ultrasound image of a preovulatory size follicle of 12.7 mm.
Khan FA (2019)