The Visual Guide to
Bubaline Reproduction
Obstetrics: Cesarean Section
Prepared for Flank Approach.
Left ventro-lateral approach for cesarean section in a recumbent buffalo. Dystocia for a large dead term calf. No mammary development. There is a stool for the surgeon to sit. Cesarean section was opted in this buffalo because of the presence of an over sized dead emphysematous calf.
Purohit GN (2012)
Positioning for Surgery.
The water buffalo has been restrained in right lateral recumbent position. After infiltration of local anesthesia and preparation of the site a surgical drape has been applied.
Purohit GN (2012)
Skin Incision.
Left ventro-lateral approach. Diagonal skin incision.
Purohit GN (2012)
Skin Incision.
After the initial skin incision the subcutaneous tissues are separated with a pair of scissors.
Purohit GN (2012)
Control of Hemorrhage.
After incision of the subcutaneous tissues the incision line is cleared of blood using a swab.
Purohit GN (2012)
Dissection.
After incision of the subcutaneous tissues the tissues are further dissected down to the external oblique muscle.
Purohit GN (2012)
Abdominal Oblique Muscle.
Exposure of the external oblique muscle during c-section.
Purohit GN (2012)
Abdominal Oblique Muscle.
Incision of the external oblique muscle. The peritoneum is visible underneath as a glistening white structure.
Purohit GN (2012)
Internal Abdominal Oblique.
Incision of the peritoneum. First a nick is made on the peritoneum and then the finger is placed underneath the peritoneum to guide the scissors for peritoneal incision taking care to prevent damage to the organs beneath.
Purohit GN (2012)
Exposure of the Uterus.
The uterus is exposed and a clean sterile drape is placed around the uterus to prevent spillage of uterine contents in the abdominal cavity.
Purohit GN (2012)
Identification of a Front Leg.
A front leg is identified and positioned into the abdominal incision for calf removal by c-section.
Purohit GN (2012)
Delivery of the Calf.
A dead calf is in the process of being extracted from the uterine incision following c-section. The skin has sloughed on the head and the leg.
Purohit GN (2012)